Colorado Cosmetology Written Practice Exam

What type of infection control procedure removes all microbial life?

1. Sanitation

2. Disinfection

3. Sterilization

4. Decontamination

The correct answer is: Sterilization

Sterilization is the procedure that removes all microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. It involves methods such as autoclaving, which uses heat under pressure, or chemical sterilants that effectively eliminate all forms of microorganisms. This level of infection control is crucial in settings where the highest degree of cleanliness is required, such as in surgical environments or when dealing with tools that penetrate the skin. Sanitation, on the other hand, reduces the number of microorganisms to a safe level but does not eliminate them entirely. Disinfection kills or destroys most bacteria and viruses but may leave behind some resistant spores. Decontamination typically involves cleaning and disinfecting to lower the risk of infection, but similar to sanitation, it does not achieve complete microbial elimination. Understanding the distinctions between these terms is essential for effective infection control practices.